Roles · Technical Product Manager · Lead

What a Lead } should know

32 core skills, 54 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.

This page lists what a Lead } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: API & Integration, Architecture & System Design, Observability & Monitoring.

32core skills
22additional skills
7skill areas
100%at Advanced or Expert
Assess myself as Lead Full role matrix

Core skills for a Lead

Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.

API & Integration · 2

Defines API documentation standards for the entire product division. Introduces auto-generation of documentation from code with CI/CD pipeline integration. Trains teams on developer-facing documentation best practices.

Defines API design standards for the division. Introduces API governance process: review, approval, deprecation. Shapes API style guide. Trains TPMs on API design review and decision making skills.

Architecture & System Design · 4

Defines capacity planning standards for the division, including team and infrastructure capacity. Introduces forecasting models considering user base growth and technical complexity. Optimizes cloud costs.

Shapes product-driven decomposition strategy for the division. Defines criteria for service split/merge based on business domains and team ownership. Coordinates architectural migrations with minimal product disruption.

Defines architectural standards for the product division. Reviews system design proposals with product lens. Shapes technology radar and architecture principles. Trains TPMs on system design fundamentals.

Defines tech debt management framework for the division. Introduces systematic debt assessment and prioritization. Shapes business case for large-scale refactoring initiatives. Trains TPMs on tech debt advocacy.

Observability & Monitoring · 1

Defines SLI/SLO standards for the division. Introduces error budget-driven development process. Coordinates SLA agreements with customers and partners. Shapes reliability culture in the product-engineering organization.

Version Control & Collaboration · 1

Code Review Expert

Defines standards for TPM participation in code review for the division. Introduces automated checks for product requirements in CI pipeline. Trains TPMs on technical review skills.

Product Management · 14

Defines A/B testing standards for the product division with CI/CD pipeline integration. Introduces automated rollback on metric degradation, trains teams on experimentation methodology considering infrastructure constraints.

Defines backlog management standards for the product division. Introduces multi-team backlog coordination with dependency mapping. Trains TPMs on technical decomposition and story splitting practices.

Defines funnel analytics standards for the division, integrating product and engineering metrics. Introduces automated root cause analysis linking conversion drops with deployments. Trains teams on data-driven optimization.

Defines GTM framework for the product division focused on technical products. Introduces repeatable launch playbook for API and platform products. Trains TPMs on technology-focused GTM practices.

Defines hypothesis testing framework for the division. Introduces structured experimentation with technical guardrails. Trains TPMs on scientific approach to product decisions considering engineering trade-offs.

Defines JTBD framework for the product division. Introduces outcome-driven innovation approach for portfolio-level decisions. Trains TPMs on JTBD interviews with technical users.

Defines market research framework for the division focused on technology trends. Introduces systematic competitor tracking with technical benchmarking. Shapes technology radar for strategic decision-making.

Defines OKR framework for the division with product-engineering alignment. Introduces cascade OKR from business strategy to team-level technical OKRs. Shapes executive reporting with technical and product context.

Defines analytics standards for the division. Introduces unified tracking taxonomy and data quality monitoring. Coordinates data engineering and product analytics. Trains teams on self-service analytics.

Defines roadmap framework for the division. Coordinates multi-product roadmap with shared platform dependencies. Introduces portfolio-level planning with technical capacity constraints. Trains TPMs on strategic roadmapping.

Defines product vision for a portfolio of technical products. Shapes platform vision uniting multiple products. Trains TPMs to craft compelling technical product vision with business impact.

Defines stakeholder management framework for the division. Introduces systematic communication cadence for different stakeholder groups. Trains TPMs on managing up and cross-functional influence without authority.

User Research Expert

Defines user research framework for the division. Introduces continuous discovery practices with technical users. Shapes research operations: participant recruitment, insight repository. Trains TPMs on research skills.

Defines user story mapping practices for the division. Introduces mapping as standard practice for feature kick-offs. Trains TPMs on facilitating mapping sessions with cross-functional teams. Integrates with roadmap planning.

Project Management · 8

Defines delivery metrics standards for the product division. Introduces cross-team benchmarking and continuous improvement processes. Links delivery performance to product OKRs at portfolio level.

Defines dependency management process for a division of 10+ teams. Introduces systematic dependency tracking with automated alerts. Shapes platform strategy for reducing cross-team coupling.

Defines estimation framework for the division, including risk-adjusted estimation. Trains TPMs and Tech Leads on complex technical project estimation techniques. Introduces probabilistic forecasting at portfolio level.

Kanban Method Expert

Defines Kanban practices for the division. Introduces Kanban Maturity Model for teams. Trains TPMs on flow metrics and continuous improvement. Integrates Kanban with architecture and infrastructure delivery.

Defines continuous improvement framework for the division. Introduces kaizen practices for engineering and product processes. Trains TPMs and Tech Leads on process improvement methodologies with data-driven approach.

Defines release management standards for the division. Introduces release train with PI planning for 10+ teams. Coordinates coordinated releases with platform dependencies. Trains TPMs on release management practices.

Defines risk management framework for the division. Introduces portfolio-level risk visibility with cross-team dependency risks. Shapes risk governance: escalation, review cadence, decision authority. Trains TPMs.

Defines Scrum practices for the division with product-engineering alignment. Introduces scaled Scrum framework. Trains TPMs on effective PO-ship with technical depth. Defines agile transformation strategy.

Documentation · 2

Defines architectural documentation standards for the division. Introduces culture of writing — design docs, RFCs, post-mortems as mandatory artifacts. Integrates architectural decisions into product roadmap.

Defines diagram standards and templates for the product division. Introduces diagrams-as-code approach (Mermaid, PlantUML) with versioning. Trains teams on effective visual communication of architectural decisions.

Additional skills

Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.

Algorithms & ComplexityAsync ProgrammingAWSChatGPT / ClaudeCode Quality & RefactoringData StructuresDesign PatternsDockerGit AdvancedGitHub Actions / GitLab CIGitHub CopilotIntegration TestingKnowledge Base ManagementOOP & SOLID PrinciplesOWASP & Application SecurityPostgreSQLPrometheus & GrafanaPrompt Engineering for CodeSAFe FrameworkStructured LoggingUnit TestingUser Documentation

What changes at Principal

0 skills get a higher expectation or become core when moving from Lead to Principal. The biggest jumps first.

See the Principal page →
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} in the open competency matrix: 54 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.