Roles · Data Analyst · Principal

What a Principal } should know

33 core skills, 48 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.

This page lists what a Principal } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: Programming Fundamentals, Backend Development, Database Management.

33core skills
15additional skills
9skill areas
100%at Advanced or Expert
Assess myself as Principal Full role matrix

Core skills for a Principal

Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.

Programming Fundamentals · 3

Defines organizational algorithmic strategy for analytics: enterprise query optimization standards, cross-team statistical methodology governance, analytical computation efficiency frameworks. Makes strategic decisions on analytics platform performance investments.

Defines organizational code quality strategy for data analytics: enterprise SQL standards, cross-team analytical methodology governance, reproducibility frameworks. Makes decisions on analytics tooling and establishes organization-wide data analysis quality standards.

Defines organizational data structure strategy for analytics: enterprise analytical data model governance, cross-team metric definition standards, data quality frameworks. Makes strategic decisions on analytics platform data architecture.

Backend Development · 3

Defines enterprise search analytics strategy spanning Elasticsearch/OpenSearch and complementary tools. Evaluates search technology evolution and shapes organizational data exploration architecture. Drives adoption of semantic search and vector-powered analytics.

Defines company-wide strategy for data exploration and reporting web platforms, evaluating Flask, Streamlit, and Panel. Establishes enterprise standards for metric API architectures, data catalog frontends, and reference patterns for analyst-facing web applications.

Redis Expert

Defines organizational Redis and caching strategy for analytics infrastructure — evaluates caching technologies for enterprise analytics workloads, establishes governance for analytical data freshness and consistency, and designs reference architectures for self-service analytics performance at scale.

Database Management · 6

ClickHouse Expert

Defines the organization's analytical data architecture on ClickHouse, integrating it into the broader data platform alongside streaming and batch systems. Evaluates ClickHouse capabilities against evolving analytical needs and drives adoption of new features like lightweight deletes and refreshable materialized views. Shapes hiring and training strategy around ClickHouse analytical expertise.

Shapes enterprise analytical data modeling vision and cross-domain schema standards. Drives organizational adoption of modern modeling practices (Activity Schema, One Big Table patterns). Defines long-term data architecture roadmap with modeling methodology choices.

Defines organizational data strategy: database technology evaluation for different analytical workloads, multi-region data architecture, and data platform standardization. Drives adoption of modern analytical databases and indexing technologies across the organization. Shapes data engineering practices for petabyte-scale analytical systems.

Defines enterprise analytical SQL standards and MySQL best practices that scale across multiple data analyst teams. Architects analytical data layers in MySQL that balance query performance with storage efficiency for petabyte-scale datasets. Drives adoption of MySQL 8+ analytical features including recursive CTEs, lateral joins, and JSON table functions to modernize organization-wide analysis capabilities.

PostgreSQL Expert

Defines organizational data strategy for analytics: evaluates PostgreSQL and analytical database technologies for enterprise data platforms, designs multi-region architectures for global analytical workloads, establishes governance for data access and analytical query standards.

Defines organizational data access strategy: query engine evaluation for heterogeneous workloads, data platform performance standards, and cost optimization for query-intensive operations. Evaluates emerging technologies (DuckDB, Polaris, GPU-accelerated engines). Drives adoption of modern query optimization practices across all data teams.

API & Integration · 2

Defines organizational API documentation strategy for data analytics infrastructure spanning data catalogs, query services, and analytical pipelines. Designs platform-level documentation enabling self-service data access at organizational scale. Establishes enterprise API governance standards for data services ensuring discoverability and usability for analyst personas.

Defines organizational API strategy for data access: enterprise analytics API platform standards, cross-team data API governance, API infrastructure investment decisions for analytical workloads. Designs enterprise-grade API architecture for data platforms.

Data Engineering · 10

Defines enterprise analytical data orchestration strategy. Shapes organizational standards for pipeline reliability and data delivery guarantees. Evaluates next-gen orchestration tools and drives platform evolution decisions.

BI Dashboards Expert

Defines organizational analytics visualization strategy connecting dashboard platforms to data mesh architecture. Designs enterprise analytical framework for statistical reporting, cohort analysis, and experimentation. Establishes governance standards ensuring analytical rigor and metric consistency organization-wide.

Data Catalog Expert

Shapes enterprise data catalog vision and metadata management strategy. Drives organizational data literacy through catalog-powered discovery. Evaluates emerging catalog technologies and defines long-term metadata architecture roadmap.

Shapes enterprise data contract vision and interoperability standards. Evaluates contract tooling (Soda, Great Expectations, dbt contracts) and drives platform decisions. Defines organizational data reliability framework with contracts as foundation.

Data Lineage Expert

Shapes enterprise data lineage vision and cross-platform integration strategy. Drives organizational data observability through comprehensive lineage coverage. Defines long-term lineage architecture roadmap aligned with data mesh and governance frameworks.

Data Quality Expert

Shapes enterprise data quality strategy across analytical and operational domains. Designs governance integrating quality, lineage, and cataloging into a unified platform. Establishes data certification programs and quality maturity models. Drives data-driven culture with measurable standards.

Defines the enterprise analytical data architecture, establishing how warehouse schemas evolve to support advanced analytics, ML feature stores, and cross-functional data products. Drives strategic decisions on warehouse platform selection and schema paradigms across the organization. Champions data democratization by designing warehouse structures that empower analysts at all levels to access and interpret data independently.

dbt Expert

Shapes enterprise dbt transformation strategy and analytical platform evolution. Drives organizational adoption of modern transformation patterns and tooling. Defines long-term dbt architecture roadmap with versioning, contracts, and cross-team collaboration models.

Defines organizational data strategy: enterprise data platform architecture, data governance framework, and data democratization vision. Evaluates emerging data technologies and processing frameworks. Drives data-driven culture and data literacy across the organization. Shapes industry practices through thought leadership in data engineering.

SQL-based ETL Expert

Shapes enterprise analytical data strategy and ETL architecture. Defines organization-wide data cleaning standards, designs scalable cohort analysis infrastructure, and aligns ETL capabilities with strategic analytical objectives across business units.

Machine Learning & AI · 2

Defines organizational strategy for scikit-learn in enterprise analytics, establishing governance for model-driven decisions across business units. Sets enterprise standards for analytical model lifecycle from prototyping to automated reporting. Mentors leads on self-service ML for stakeholders.

Shapes organization-wide experiment tracking culture for data-driven decision making: architects unified frameworks linking analytical experiments to strategic outcomes, establishes cross-departmental standards for hypothesis documentation and result reproducibility, and drives adoption of systematic experimentation as a core organizational capability

AI-Assisted Development · 3

Defines organizational strategy for ChatGPT/Claude adoption across data analytics teams. Establishes enterprise-wide AI-assisted analytics governance balancing productivity with statistical rigor and data privacy requirements. Mentors leads and architects on responsible AI integration for analytical workflows at organizational scale.

Defines organizational GitHub Copilot strategy for data teams: evaluates enterprise approaches for AI-assisted analytical development, designs governance for AI-generated data processing and statistical code, establishes standards for responsible AI tool adoption across data organizations.

Defines enterprise strategy for AI-augmented data analytics. Establishes organizational standards for prompt-based analytical workflows across all data teams. Drives adoption of AI-assisted analysis as a core competency. Shapes data literacy and AI readiness programs at the organizational level. Evaluates emerging AI capabilities for transformative impact on analytics practices.

Observability & Monitoring · 2

Defines organizational observability strategy for data platforms with Prometheus & Grafana: implements enterprise analytical pipeline monitoring, builds data quality culture across data teams, establishes enterprise SLO framework for analytical data reliability.

Defines organizational observability strategy for data platforms: implements enterprise analytical pipeline monitoring, builds data quality culture across data teams, establishes enterprise SLO framework for analytical data reliability and processing performance.

Version Control & Collaboration · 2

Code Review Expert

Defines organizational code review strategy for analytics: enterprise data code review standards, cross-team review governance for analytical pipelines, review culture maturity model for data teams. Mentors leads on analytical code review best practices.

Git Advanced Expert

Defines organizational Git strategy for data teams: evaluates version control approaches for enterprise analytics workflows, designs governance for collaborative analytical asset management, establishes standards for reproducible analysis through Git-based workflows across the organization.

Additional skills

Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.

Async ProgrammingAWSDesign PatternsDockerGitHub Actions / GitLab CIGraphQL DesignIntegration TestingKubernetes CoreMultithreadingNetwork FundamentalsOOP & SOLID PrinciplesOWASP & Application SecuritySecure Coding PracticesSystem Design FundamentalsUnit Testing
Run this with your whole team
Self-assessment plus manager and peer reviews against the same matrix, gap analysis and next-level readiness for every engineer. Team Pro is free for 14 days; individual tools stay free forever.
Start a team trial (14 days free) Send to my manager

} in the open competency matrix: 48 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.