Defines organizational algorithmic strategy at engineering leadership level: enterprise performance engineering standards, cross-team algorithm selection governance, computational efficiency maturity model. Makes strategic decisions on performance tooling investments and engineering competency development.
Roles · Engineering Manager · Principal
What a Principal } should know
35 core skills, 50 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.
This page lists what a Principal } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: Programming Fundamentals, API & Integration, Cloud & Infrastructure.
Core skills for a Principal
Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.
Programming Fundamentals · 5
Defines organizational code quality strategy at executive level: engineering quality KPIs, technical debt budgeting frameworks, quality culture development programs. Makes strategic decisions on tooling investments and shapes engineering hiring standards around code quality expectations.
Defines organizational data strategy at engineering leadership level: data architecture governance, cross-team data model standardization, data structure competency development programs. Makes strategic decisions on data platform investments and data engineering hiring standards.
Defines organizational strategy for design pattern governance: evaluates enterprise approaches to architectural pattern standardization, makes decisions on pattern competency programs and architecture review processes, mentors leads on balancing pattern rigor with pragmatic engineering culture.
Defines organizational OOP competency strategy: enterprise design pattern maturity model, cross-team code architecture governance, SOLID practice assessment frameworks. Makes strategic decisions on architecture tooling investments and engineering excellence programs.
API & Integration · 1
Defines organizational API strategy at engineering leadership level: enterprise API governance framework, cross-team API standardization programs, API platform investment decisions. Designs enterprise-grade API architecture and shapes API-first engineering culture.
Cloud & Infrastructure · 4
Defines organizational cloud strategy evaluating multi-cloud vs AWS-centric approaches for engineering workloads. Designs enterprise-grade infrastructure governance balancing team autonomy with cost control, security compliance, and operational efficiency. Establishes FinOps practices and cloud cost accountability frameworks across all engineering departments.
Defines organizational container strategy for engineering: enterprise container platform adoption standards, cross-team infrastructure governance, container maturity model for engineering teams. Designs enterprise-grade container infrastructure policies and establishes FinOps practices across the organization.
Defines organizational cloud strategy evaluating multi-cloud versus single-cloud Kubernetes approaches for engineering workloads. Designs enterprise-grade infrastructure governance balancing team autonomy with cost control and security compliance. Establishes FinOps practices and cloud cost accountability frameworks across engineering departments.
Defines organizational cloud strategy. Evaluates multi-cloud vs single-cloud. Designs enterprise-grade infrastructure. Establishes FinOps practices.
DevOps & CI/CD · 2
Shapes the organizational engineering culture around safe, data-driven releases using feature flags as a core practice. Designs internal developer platforms with integrated feature management capabilities. Drives industry-level contributions to progressive delivery methodologies and tooling standards.
Defines organizational DevOps strategy: designs internal developer platform for enterprise-wide CI/CD standardization, shapes engineering excellence culture through deployment automation and reliability practices, evaluates platform engineering tools and approaches at organizational scale.
Security · 2
Defines enterprise security strategy for engineering development practices spanning all product and platform teams. Shapes security architecture governance ensuring OWASP compliance across technology portfolios. Coordinates organizational compliance programs and drives security culture transformation at engineering leadership level.
Defines enterprise security strategy encompassing secrets management as a core capability. Shapes organizational security architecture and compliance posture. Coordinates cross-team security initiatives and incident response capabilities. Drives adoption of zero-trust security models across the engineering organization.
AI-Assisted Development · 1
Defines organizational GitHub Copilot strategy: evaluates enterprise AI development platform selection and licensing, designs governance frameworks for responsible AI-assisted development at scale, establishes standards for measuring organizational ROI and managing IP/compliance risks of AI code generation.
Architecture & System Design · 9
Defines organizational architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Shapes organizational architectural governance through fitness functions: designs enterprise-wide fitness function platforms, establishes evolutionary architecture practices, defines architectural decision records integrated with automated compliance. Influences industry approaches to measurable architecture quality.
Defines organizational architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines organizational architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines organizational architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines organizational architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines organizational architecture strategy: technology selection frameworks, architecture governance policies, and engineering excellence standards. Designs reference architectures for common organizational patterns. Drives architectural decision-making culture and establishes enterprise-wide architecture review processes.
Defines organizational strategy for technical debt management across teams. Designs reference frameworks for debt budgeting, sprint allocation policies, and velocity impact measurement. Establishes governance for stakeholder communication and debt reduction accountability.
Defines organizational architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Observability & Monitoring · 4
Defines organizational observability strategy. Implements platform solutions. Builds reliability culture. Establishes enterprise SLO framework.
Defines organizational observability strategy with Prometheus & Grafana: implements enterprise reliability platforms and monitoring standards, builds reliability engineering culture, establishes enterprise SLO frameworks aligned with business outcomes and customer experience.
Defines organizational observability strategy. Implements platform solutions. Builds reliability culture. Establishes enterprise SLO framework.
Defines organizational observability strategy: implements enterprise reliability platforms and incident management systems, builds reliability engineering culture across the organization, establishes enterprise SLO frameworks aligned with business outcomes and customer experience metrics.
Version Control & Collaboration · 4
Defines organizational code review strategy at engineering leadership level: enterprise review process standards, cross-team review governance, review culture maturity programs. Makes strategic decisions on review tooling investments and shapes engineering review culture.
Defines enterprise documentation strategy: platform docs-as-code, developer experience standards, and documentation governance across the organization. Drives cultural shift toward treating documentation as a first-class engineering artifact. Evaluates and selects documentation platform investments.
Defines organizational Git strategy: evaluates enterprise Git platform selection and migration strategies, designs organizational branching and repository governance models, establishes standards for Git workflow alignment with team topologies and delivery practices across the engineering org.
Defines enterprise InnerSource strategy and cultural transformation roadmap. Shapes organizational structure for maximum cross-team collaboration. Mentors engineering leaders on InnerSource adoption patterns and community building.
Documentation · 3
Defines architecture documentation strategy at the organizational level. Establishes enterprise-wide C4 and arc42 standards ensuring consistency across all departments and product lines. Creates governance frameworks for ADR lifecycle management including cross-team discovery, deprecation policies, and architectural fitness functions. Mentors leads and architects on building a documentation culture that scales with organizational growth.
Defines organization-wide diagramming strategy for process documentation, cross-team communication visuals, and strategic roadmap presentation. Establishes enterprise standards for workflow and org structure diagrams. Mentors leads on effective visual communication for executive reporting.
Defines organizational runbook strategy: establishes company-wide standards for operational documentation, drives cross-departmental runbook interoperability for major incident response, creates executive-level playbooks for business continuity and disaster recovery coordination.
Additional skills
Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.
} in the open competency matrix: 50 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.