Roles · Data Scientist · Junior

What a Junior } should know

4 core skills, 78 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.

This page lists what a Junior } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: Programming Fundamentals, Machine Learning & AI.

4core skills
74additional skills
2skill areas
0%at Advanced or Expert
Assess myself as Junior Full role matrix

Core skills for a Junior

Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.

Programming Fundamentals · 2

Understands basic sorting and search algorithms, evaluates their complexity via Big-O notation. Applies knowledge to analyze data pipeline performance and select appropriate data structures for dataset processing.

Data Structures Awareness

Knows core data structures: arrays, hash tables, trees, graphs and their applications in data science. Selects appropriate structures for storing and processing data in pandas DataFrame, numpy arrays, and standard Python collections.

Machine Learning & AI · 2

Gradient Boosting Awareness

Understands gradient boosting principles and its differences from random forest. Trains XGBoost and LightGBM models on tabular data with basic hyperparameter tuning. Interprets feature importance to explain model results.

ML Pipelines Awareness

Creates basic ML pipelines via scikit-learn Pipeline: preprocessing, feature engineering, model training. Understands pipeline importance for reproducibility and data leakage prevention. Saves pipelines as single artifacts for deployment.

Additional skills

Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.

Advanced SQLApache SparkAPI DocumentationAsync ProgrammingAWSBayesian MethodsBI DashboardsChatGPT / ClaudeClassical ML (scikit-learn)ClickHouseCode Quality & RefactoringCode ReviewCursor IDEData QualityData VisualizationDatabase IndexingDeep LearningDesign PatternsDimensionality ReductionDockerEnsemble MethodsExperiment DesignExperiment TrackingFeature EngineeringFeature StoresGit AdvancedGitHub Actions / GitLab CIGitHub CopilotGraphQL DesignHypothesis Testing in MLIntegration TestingJupyter NotebooksKubernetes CoreLLM ApplicationsLLM Fine-tuningLLM Prompt EngineeringML DeploymentML Experiment TrackingML Model EvaluationMLflowModel MonitoringModel ServingMultithreadingNatural Language ProcessingNetwork FundamentalsNeural Network ArchitecturesOOP & SOLID PrinciplesOpenTelemetryOWASP & Application SecurityPandas / NumPyPandas / PolarsPostgreSQLPrometheus & GrafanaPrompt Engineering for CodePython ProgrammingPython Web FrameworksPyTorchQuery OptimizationRecommender Systems FundamentalsRedisReinforcement LearningREST API Designscikit-learnSecure Coding PracticesSQL-based ETLStatistical AnalysisStructured LoggingSystem Design FundamentalsTensorFlow / PyTorchTime Series AnalysisTransfer LearningTransformers & NLPUnit TestingUnit Testing

What changes at Mid-level

78 skills get a higher expectation or become core when moving from Junior to Mid-level. The biggest jumps first.

See the Mid-level page →
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} in the open competency matrix: 78 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.