Defines organizational algorithmic strategy at technical leadership level: enterprise performance engineering governance, cross-team algorithm selection standards, computational efficiency maturity programs. Makes strategic decisions on performance tooling investments and shapes engineering excellence culture.
Roles · Technical Lead · Principal
What a Principal } should know
43 core skills, 58 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.
This page lists what a Principal } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: Programming Fundamentals, API & Integration, Cloud & Infrastructure.
Core skills for a Principal
Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.
Programming Fundamentals · 7
Defines organizational async strategy at technical leadership level: enterprise concurrency pattern governance, cross-team async architecture standards, async maturity model for engineering teams. Makes strategic decisions shaping async programming culture across the organization.
Defines organizational code quality strategy at technical leadership level: enterprise code review standards, cross-team refactoring governance, quality engineering maturity model. Makes decisions on quality tooling investments and shapes organization-wide engineering excellence programs.
Defines organizational data structure strategy at technical leadership level: enterprise data model governance, cross-team schema standardization programs, data structure competency development. Makes strategic decisions on data architecture tooling and engineering practices evolution.
Defines organizational strategy for design patterns in engineering: evaluates enterprise approaches to pattern governance and competency development, makes technology decisions on architectural pattern standards, mentors leads on strategic pattern application for organizational technical excellence.
Defines organizational multithreading strategy for engineering: evaluates enterprise concurrency models and framework selection, makes technology decisions on threading architectures for platform-wide adoption, mentors leads on advanced concurrent system design and performance optimization.
Defines organizational OOP strategy at technical leadership level: enterprise design pattern governance, cross-team SOLID maturity assessment, code architecture excellence programs. Makes strategic decisions on refactoring tooling investments and shapes engineering culture around clean design.
API & Integration · 4
Shapes organizational API gateway strategy: evaluates gateway platforms for enterprise-wide adoption, designs multi-region gateway architectures with global traffic management, establishes API governance and lifecycle management frameworks. Mentors lead engineers on gateway architecture decisions.
Defines organizational GraphQL API strategy spanning all product domains and engineering teams. Designs platform-level schema registry and federated gateway architecture. Establishes enterprise API governance standards, developer tooling for schema-first development, and organizational API design review processes.
Defines organizational gRPC API strategy spanning all product domains and engineering teams — designs platform-level proto governance, schema registry infrastructure, and enterprise code generation pipelines. Establishes organizational API standards for gRPC service development ensuring consistency and backward compatibility.
Defines organizational API strategy at technical leadership level: enterprise API design governance, cross-team API standardization programs, API tooling investment decisions. Designs enterprise-grade API architecture and shapes engineering culture around API excellence.
Cloud & Infrastructure · 4
Defines organizational cloud strategy for AWS-based platform infrastructure spanning development and production environments. Evaluates multi-cloud architectures for workload portability and vendor risk management. Designs enterprise-grade infrastructure governance and establishes FinOps practices for cloud cost accountability across product teams.
Defines organizational container strategy at technical leadership level: enterprise container adoption standards, cross-team base image governance, container security compliance programs. Designs enterprise-grade container infrastructure and shapes engineering culture around container best practices.
Defines organizational cloud strategy for Kubernetes-based platform infrastructure spanning development and production environments. Evaluates multi-cloud architectures for workload portability and vendor risk management. Designs enterprise-grade Kubernetes platforms and establishes FinOps practices for organizational cloud cost governance.
Defines the organization's cloud and infrastructure strategy at the enterprise level. Evaluates multi-cloud vs single-cloud approaches based on business objectives and regulatory requirements. Designs enterprise-grade infrastructure platforms with self-service capabilities. Establishes FinOps culture and practices across the organization. Influences industry through thought leadership on infrastructure automation.
DevOps & CI/CD · 2
Defines the organization's DevOps strategy. Designs internal developer platform. Shapes engineering excellence culture.
Defines the organization's DevOps strategy. Designs internal developer platform. Shapes engineering excellence culture.
Security · 2
Defines enterprise security strategy for software development spanning all technology stacks and product domains. Shapes security architecture governance aligning OWASP best practices with organizational development workflows. Coordinates compliance programs and represents engineering perspective in enterprise security governance and community engagement.
Defines enterprise security strategy with secrets management as foundational infrastructure. Shapes security architecture across all products and platforms. Coordinates compliance requirements (SOC2, ISO27001) for credential handling. Drives adoption of zero-trust credential patterns and automated secrets lifecycle management across the organization.
AI-Assisted Development · 1
Defines organizational GitHub Copilot strategy for technical excellence: evaluates enterprise AI development platform capabilities and adoption strategies, designs governance for AI-assisted development practices across engineering organizations, establishes standards for measuring AI impact on developer experience and code quality at scale.
Architecture & System Design · 11
Defines enterprise ADR standards and technical decision-making framework. Shapes engineering culture around evidence-based architectural decisions with measurable outcomes. Establishes cross-team ADR review boards and drives adoption of decision records as first-class engineering artifacts.
Shapes organizational evolutionary architecture through fitness functions: designs enterprise fitness function platforms, establishes architectural governance frameworks with automated compliance monitoring, defines reference architectures with embedded fitness functions. Mentors leads on architectural quality measurement.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy enforcing Clean Architecture principles across all teams. Designs reference architectures with dependency rules and architecture testing frameworks. Establishes governance through ADR processes and review standards.
Defines the organization's DDD adoption roadmap from legacy systems to strategic domain models. Designs reference architectures for event-driven context integration at scale. Establishes governance for bounded context lifecycle, team alignment, and cross-domain contracts.
Defines organization's DDD adoption strategy and reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance with pattern libraries, aggregate design guidelines, and domain modeling workshops. Shapes enterprise-wide domain-driven development culture.
Shapes the organization's architectural strategy around Hexagonal Architecture and clean boundaries. Designs reference implementations for domain isolation patterns. Establishes architecture review processes ensuring hexagonal compliance.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy for high-load systems. Designs reference architectures for connection pooling, async processing pipelines, and rate limiting at scale. Establishes organization-wide performance budgets and high-load engineering excellence standards.
Defines organization-wide microservices decomposition philosophy: establishes DDD strategic design as core architectural discipline, creates bounded context discovery frameworks used across all teams. Designs evolutionary architecture patterns enabling incremental decomposition without big-bang rewrites. Architects platform capabilities (service mesh, event backbone, Saga orchestration) as organizational standards. Drives decomposition maturity model and architectural review process. Mentors leads on balancing decomposition idealism with pragmatic delivery constraints.
Defines organizational architecture strategy: establishes reference architectures, architecture governance framework, and technology selection criteria. Designs architecture for enterprise-scale systems with focus on long-term evolution and sustainability. Drives architectural excellence across the organization through mentoring leads and establishing best practices.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy for technical debt elimination. Designs reference architectures with built-in refactoring prioritization and SonarQube quality gates. Establishes architecture governance for code-level debt tracking and continuous quality improvement.
Defines enterprise Technology Radar standards and technology lifecycle management. Shapes engineering culture around continuous technology evaluation and evidence-based adoption. Establishes cross-organizational technology assessment boards and drives strategic technology investments aligned with business goals.
Observability & Monitoring · 5
Defines the organization's observability strategy. Implements platform solutions. Shapes reliability culture. Defines enterprise SLO framework.
Defines the organization's observability strategy. Implements platform solutions. Shapes reliability culture. Defines enterprise SLO framework.
Defines organizational observability strategy for technical excellence with Prometheus & Grafana: implements enterprise reliability platforms and monitoring tooling standards, shapes reliability culture through engineering practices, defines enterprise SLO framework for service reliability and developer experience.
Defines the organization's observability strategy. Implements platform solutions. Shapes reliability culture. Defines enterprise SLO framework.
Defines organizational observability strategy for technical excellence: implements enterprise reliability platforms and observability tooling standards, shapes reliability culture through engineering practices and architectural patterns, defines enterprise SLO framework for service reliability and developer experience.
Version Control & Collaboration · 5
Defines organizational code review strategy at technical leadership level: enterprise review process governance, cross-team review standardization programs, review culture excellence initiatives. Makes strategic decisions shaping engineering review culture across the organization.
Defines enterprise documentation-as-code strategy: platform-level documentation infrastructure, developer portal governance, and documentation quality as an engineering KPI. Shapes organizational culture around documentation as a competitive advantage. Drives cross-team documentation standardization and knowledge management.
Defines organizational Git strategy for technical excellence: evaluates enterprise Git platform capabilities and migration paths, designs governance for branching models and workflow standardization across teams, establishes standards for Git-based developer experience optimization and tooling.
Defines enterprise InnerSource technical architecture and platform strategy. Shapes organization-wide engineering practices for internal code sharing, API governance, and developer experience. Mentors leads on building sustainable InnerSource ecosystems.
Defines Monorepo Tools strategy at the organizational level. Establishes enterprise approaches. Mentors leads and architects.
Documentation · 2
Defines architecture documentation strategy at the organizational level, standardizing C4 and arc42 usage across all engineering departments. Establishes enterprise ADR governance with centralized registries, cross-domain linking, and automated staleness detection. Drives adoption of architecture documentation toolchains (Structurizr, Backstage, architectural fitness functions) at scale. Mentors leads and architects on building self-sustaining documentation ecosystems that remain accurate as the organization evolves.
Defines organization-wide diagramming strategy for technical design documentation, component modeling standards, and data flow visualization patterns. Establishes enterprise approaches to sequence diagrams and system boundary mapping. Mentors leads and architects on technical diagramming excellence.
Additional skills
Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.
} in the open competency matrix: 58 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.