Defines organizational algorithmic strategy at enterprise architecture level: distributed system algorithm governance, cross-team performance optimization standards, computational efficiency frameworks for system design. Makes strategic decisions on platform performance infrastructure investments.
Roles · Solutions Architect · Principal
What a Principal } should know
45 core skills, 60 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.
This page lists what a Principal } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: Programming Fundamentals, Backend Development, Database Management.
Core skills for a Principal
Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.
Programming Fundamentals · 5
Defines organizational code quality strategy at architecture level: enterprise reference implementation governance, cross-team architectural standards enforcement, fitness function frameworks. Makes decisions on architecture tooling and shapes organization-wide design-to-implementation quality alignment.
Defines organizational data structure strategy at enterprise architecture level: domain data model governance, cross-system data interoperability standards, data evolution frameworks. Makes strategic decisions on enterprise data platform architecture and tooling investments.
Defines organizational strategy for design patterns across architectures: evaluates enterprise approaches to architectural pattern standardization, makes technology decisions on integration and resilience pattern portfolios, mentors leads on strategic pattern application for system evolution and technology strategy.
Defines organizational OOP strategy at enterprise architecture level: domain model governance standards, cross-team interface contract principles, bounded context design maturity frameworks. Makes strategic decisions on architecture patterns with organization-wide impact.
Backend Development · 2
Defines organizational event streaming strategy. Evaluates Kafka ecosystem (Confluent Platform, cloud-managed Kafka) vs alternatives for enterprise adoption. Establishes enterprise event-driven architecture standards and reference architectures. Drives industry influence through event streaming thought leadership.
Defines organizational Redis and caching strategy for enterprise platforms — evaluates caching technology portfolios across workload types, establishes enterprise caching governance and reference architectures, and designs platform-level caching infrastructure supporting hundreds of services at organizational scale.
Database Management · 1
Defines organizational data architecture strategy: evaluates PostgreSQL and complementary database technologies for enterprise platform selection, designs multi-region data architecture governance for distributed systems, establishes standards for database technology decisions and data consistency patterns at organizational scale.
API & Integration · 4
Defines organizational API gateway strategy: designs platform-level gateway infrastructure for multi-product ecosystems, establishes enterprise API governance frameworks, evaluates build-vs-buy for gateway solutions. Shapes industry standards for API gateway patterns and service mesh integration.
Defines organizational GraphQL API strategy as a core enterprise integration platform. Designs platform-level federated graph architecture supporting hundreds of services and multiple business domains. Establishes enterprise API governance balancing innovation speed with schema consistency, security, and operational excellence.
Defines organizational gRPC API strategy as a core enterprise communication platform — designs platform-level proto registry and governance supporting hundreds of services. Establishes enterprise API standards balancing performance, developer experience, and cross-team schema interoperability.
Defines organizational API strategy at enterprise level: enterprise API platform governance, cross-team API standardization, API infrastructure investment decisions. Designs enterprise-grade API architecture and shapes API-first culture across the organization.
Cloud & Infrastructure · 4
Defines organizational cloud strategy evaluating multi-cloud vs AWS-centric architectures for enterprise workloads spanning hundreds of services. Designs enterprise-grade platform infrastructure with multi-account governance, Control Tower, and cross-region resilience. Establishes FinOps practices driving cloud cost optimization and resource governance at organizational scale.
Defines organizational container strategy at enterprise level: multi-cloud container platform evaluation, cross-team infrastructure governance, container maturity model for the organization. Designs enterprise-grade container infrastructure and makes strategic decisions on platform technology investments.
Defines organizational cloud strategy evaluating multi-cloud versus single-cloud Kubernetes architectures for enterprise workloads. Designs enterprise-grade platform infrastructure with multi-cluster federation, service mesh, and comprehensive observability. Establishes FinOps practices driving cloud cost optimization and resource governance across all engineering teams.
Defines organizational cloud infrastructure strategy spanning multi-cloud and hybrid environments. Evaluates build-vs-buy decisions for infrastructure platforms. Establishes enterprise FinOps framework: cost governance models, chargeback systems, and optimization strategies. Drives industry influence through conference talks, publications, and open-source Terraform module contributions.
Security · 2
Defines enterprise secure cloud architecture strategy with zero-trust frameworks across multi-cloud and hybrid environments. Shapes organization-wide security architecture governance and reference designs. Coordinates compliance with regulatory and industry security standards and represents the organization in cloud security architecture forums.
Defines enterprise security architecture strategy with centralized secrets management. Evaluates build-vs-buy decisions for secrets infrastructure across multi-cloud environments. Shapes organizational compliance posture for credential management. Drives industry influence through security architecture publications and community engagement.
AI-Assisted Development · 1
Defines organizational GitHub Copilot strategy for architecture governance: evaluates enterprise AI-assisted development impact on architectural consistency, designs governance for AI-generated code quality across distributed systems, establishes standards for AI tool integration with architecture decision processes.
Architecture & System Design · 17
Defines enterprise ADR strategy and architectural governance framework. Shapes organization-wide decision-making culture with structured ADR processes spanning multiple domains and business units. Mentors architects on effective decision documentation and trade-off analysis.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy based on Clean Architecture with enterprise-wide bounded contexts and reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance for technology-agnostic domain modeling and system integration patterns.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines enterprise domain decomposition strategy across product lines and business units. Designs reference architectures for inter-domain communication using federated bounded contexts. Establishes governance for strategic pattern selection and context ownership models.
Defines organizational DDD architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures with tactical pattern catalogs and decision frameworks. Establishes architecture governance for domain-driven system design across multiple product teams.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines organization-wide reference architectures based on Hexagonal Architecture patterns. Establishes governance for port/adapter contracts across distributed systems. Drives adoption of domain-centric design at enterprise scale.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy for high-load systems. Designs reference architectures covering CQRS/event sourcing at scale, multi-layer distributed caching, global CDN topologies, and data partitioning patterns. Publishes architectural guidelines adopted across business units.
Sets organization-wide microservices decomposition vision and strategy: defines domain-driven architecture principles, context mapping standards, and service boundary governance across all business domains. Evaluates build-vs-buy for service mesh, event streaming platforms, and orchestration engines. Drives architectural fitness functions for decomposition quality. Influences industry practices through conference talks and published decomposition case studies. Resolves cross-domain bounded context conflicts at C-level.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy. Designs reference architectures. Establishes architecture governance.
Defines organizational architecture strategy: reference architectures for common business domains, architecture principles aligned with business strategy, and technology investment roadmap. Designs architecture governance at enterprise level. Drives industry influence through publications, conference talks, and standards contributions.
Defines the organization's architectural strategy for managing technical debt at scale. Designs reference architectures with modernization roadmaps and strangler fig patterns. Establishes architecture governance for systematic debt assessment and cross-portfolio remediation.
Defines enterprise Technology Radar strategy and technology governance framework. Shapes organization-wide technology portfolio management with radar-driven investment decisions. Represents company in technology community and influences industry technology direction through thought leadership.
Observability & Monitoring · 4
Defines organizational observability strategy with OpenTelemetry spanning all technology platforms. Implements enterprise-grade telemetry infrastructure for hundreds of services. Builds reliability engineering culture with organization-wide SLO governance. Establishes enterprise observability framework driving business-aligned service reliability standards.
Defines organizational observability strategy for distributed architectures with Prometheus & Grafana: implements enterprise monitoring platform with federation and multi-cluster support, builds reliability culture through architectural patterns, establishes enterprise SLO framework for system reliability.
Defines organizational observability strategy spanning all technology platforms — implements enterprise-grade monitoring solutions for hundreds of services, builds reliability engineering culture with organization-wide error budget governance, and establishes enterprise SLO framework driving business-aligned service reliability standards.
Defines organizational observability strategy for distributed architectures: implements enterprise observability platform solutions aligned with architectural governance, builds reliability culture through architectural patterns and standards, establishes enterprise SLO framework for system reliability at organizational scale.
Version Control & Collaboration · 3
Defines organizational code review strategy at enterprise architecture level: enterprise architectural review standards, cross-team design review governance, review culture maturity model for architecture. Mentors leads on architectural code review best practices.
Defines enterprise documentation strategy across all architecture practices. Establishes documentation as a core deliverable in architecture governance. Drives standardization of architecture documentation frameworks (TOGAF, C4) across the organization. Influences industry practices through published reference architectures and documentation standards.
Defines organizational Git strategy for architecture governance: evaluates enterprise approaches for repository topology aligned with system architecture, designs governance for cross-team dependency management and API versioning, establishes standards for architectural decision tracking through version control.
Documentation · 2
Defines architecture documentation strategy at the organizational level, establishing enterprise C4 and arc42 standards across all solution domains. Creates a federated documentation governance model enabling autonomous teams while maintaining enterprise-wide architectural coherence. Establishes ADR repositories with cross-cutting search, impact analysis, and architectural knowledge management. Mentors leads and architects on evolving documentation practices to support organizational scaling, M&A integration, and technology radar alignment.
Defines organization-wide diagramming strategy for enterprise architecture, C4 model governance, and integration pattern standardization. Establishes enterprise approaches to deployment and infrastructure diagramming across all product lines. Mentors leads and architects on architectural visualization maturity.
Additional skills
Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.
} in the open competency matrix: 60 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.