Roles · Site Reliability Engineer (SRE) · Principal

What a Principal } should know

45 core skills, 61 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.

This page lists what a Principal } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: Programming Fundamentals, Backend Development, Database Management.

45core skills
16additional skills
13skill areas
100%at Advanced or Expert
Assess myself as Principal Full role matrix

Core skills for a Principal

Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.

Programming Fundamentals · 6

Defines platform performance strategy. Designs algorithms for monitoring systems: time-series downsampling (LTTB), probabilistic data structures for cardinality estimation. Balances accuracy vs cost.

Designs event-driven SRE automation: async event processing for alert routing, webhook-based incident orchestration, streaming metrics processing. Defines real-time anomaly detection architecture.

Defines SRE platform quality strategy: testing pyramid for infrastructure (unit → integration → e2e), chaos engineering, automated compliance checking. Establishes reliability engineering culture.

Designs data models for observability platform: time-series storage schemes, log structured data, trace span trees. Defines metrics storage strategy considering retention and query performance.

Designs high-concurrency SRE systems: parallel fleet management, concurrent configuration rollouts, lock-free metrics aggregation pipelines. Defines concurrency models for platform tooling.

Designs SRE platform architecture: plugin system for monitoring backends, abstractions for incident management. Defines where code is justified vs declarative configs (Terraform, K8s manifests).

Backend Development · 3

Apache Kafka Expert

Designs messaging platform for observability: Kafka for metrics/logs/traces pipeline, retention policies, multi-DC replication for DR. Defines SLA for messaging infrastructure.

Designs SRE platform API: self-service reliability tools, SLO management interface, incident orchestration. Defines tech stack for SRE platform: Python for automation, Go for performance-critical.

Redis Expert

Designs caching infrastructure: Redis Sentinel/Cluster for HA, failure modes analysis, capacity planning. Defines when Redis vs in-memory vs distributed cache for SRE tooling.

Database Management · 1

PostgreSQL Expert

Designs database reliability strategy: PostgreSQL HA patterns (Patroni/Stolon), cross-region replication, RTO/RPO by tier. Defines DB platform standards for the organization.

API & Integration · 1

Designs SRE Platform API strategy: unified API for infrastructure operations, GitOps integration, self-service portal. Defines API governance for cross-team automation.

Cloud & Infrastructure · 9

AWS Expert

Designs organizational cloud strategy: multi-cloud vs all-in-AWS, cloud native vs portable, cost optimization at scale. Defines cloud governance and architectural patterns.

Docker Expert

Designs container strategy: OCI standards, runtime selection (containerd vs CRI-O), rootless containers. Defines container security framework and compliance requirements.

Helm Expert

Designs package management strategy: Helm vs Kustomize vs Carvel, chart governance, multi-cluster distribution. Defines deployment standards for the entire organization.

Designs Kubernetes platform: multi-cluster management (fleet), federation, cluster-as-a-service. Defines K8s evolution strategy: version upgrades, feature adoption, vendor evaluation.

Designs organizational Kubernetes strategy: managed vs self-hosted, multi-tenancy model, cost allocation. Defines platform abstractions on top of K8s for product teams.

Designs traffic management strategy: global server load balancing, multi-CDN, anycast. Defines traffic engineering patterns for multi-region availability and disaster recovery.

Designs network architecture: service mesh, zero-trust networking, global load balancing. Defines network strategy for multi-region and multi-cloud deployment.

Terraform Expert

Designs organizational IaC strategy: Terraform vs Pulumi vs Crossplane, self-service infrastructure, multi-cloud abstractions. Defines governance for infrastructure changes.

Designs connectivity strategy: VPN vs Direct Connect vs SD-WAN, zero-trust network access. Defines remote access architecture for the organization.

DevOps & CI/CD · 2

ArgoCD Expert

Shapes enterprise deployment reliability strategy with ArgoCD as the foundation of declarative infrastructure delivery. Drives architectural innovation in GitOps-based resilience patterns including multi-region active-active deployments, automated incident rollback, and self-healing infrastructure reconciliation. Influences SRE community practices for GitOps adoption and contributes to Argo project reliability engineering standards.

Designs organizational CI/CD strategy: unified deployment platform, GitOps adoption, progressive delivery framework. Defines deployment governance and compliance requirements.

Testing & QA · 1

Shapes enterprise resilience strategy through chaos: designs organization-wide chaos framework, defines compliance requirements for chaos testing (financial services, healthcare). Influences industry practices through publications and talks about chaos engineering ROI.

Security · 3

Designs incident management platform: automated triage, cross-team coordination, incident learning system. Defines organizational incident culture and continuous improvement process.

Designs platform security strategy: zero-trust architecture, supply chain security, platform security controls. Defines security governance for cloud infrastructure.

Designs secrets management strategy: multi-cluster Vault, cross-cloud secrets, zero-trust credential issuance. Defines organizational secrets governance and compliance framework.

AI-Assisted Development · 1

Defines AI strategy for SRE: AIOps for anomaly detection, AI-assisted incident response, LLM for log analysis. Shapes governance for AI in production operations.

Architecture & System Design · 4

Designs capacity management platform: ML-based demand forecasting, automated provisioning, cost optimization at scale. Defines organizational capacity governance.

Designs organizational DR strategy: multi-region architecture, data sovereignty compliance, full-stack failover automation. Defines business continuity framework.

Designs high-load platform: global traffic distribution, multi-region data consistency, edge computing. Defines scalability architecture patterns for the organization.

Defines organizational architecture strategy: reference architecture for reliable systems, platform abstractions, cross-team design patterns. Shapes reliability engineering culture.

Observability & Monitoring · 11

APM Tools Expert

Designs APM platform: unified APM for all services, custom dashboards, automated alerting. Defines vendor selection criteria, negotiation strategy, multi-year roadmap.

Designs continuous profiling platform: fleet-wide profiling, automated regression detection, cost/performance correlation. Defines profiling strategy for production reliability.

Designs organizational metrics framework: unified instrumentation SDK, metrics taxonomy, automated SLI generation. Defines observability cost management strategy.

ELK Stack Expert

Designs log management platform: ELK vs Loki vs Datadog, multi-tenant architecture, compliance logging. Defines organizational logging standards and cost optimization.

Grafana Loki Expert

Designs log aggregation strategy: Loki for Kubernetes-native logging, multi-tenant setup, long-term storage. Defines when Loki vs ELK vs managed (Datadog/Splunk).

Designs distributed tracing platform: Tempo vs Jaeger vs managed, sampling strategy (head vs tail-based), traces-to-metrics conversion. Defines tracing governance.

Designs organizational on-call model: follow-the-sun, tiered support, shared on-call between SRE and dev teams. Defines on-call governance and toil elimination strategy.

OpenTelemetry Expert

Designs OpenTelemetry platform: vendor-neutral observability, multi-signal correlation, OTel Collector scalability. Defines observability strategy and vendor evaluation.

Designs organizational metrics platform: Prometheus/Mimir vs Datadog vs VictoriaMetrics, multi-tenant architecture, cost management. Defines metrics governance.

Designs SLO platform: organizational SLO framework, automated SLO management, SLO-driven architecture decisions. Defines reliability culture and error budget policy.

Designs observability logging strategy: logs-traces-metrics correlation, cost-effective retention, ML-based anomaly detection on logs. Defines organizational logging framework.

Version Control & Collaboration · 2

Code Review Expert

Defines organizational review standards: architectural review board for infrastructure changes, cross-team review for shared platforms. Shapes engineering excellence.

Git Advanced Expert

Defines organizational version control strategy: GitOps adoption framework, infrastructure versioning, cross-team collaboration model. Coordinates infrastructure code standards.

Performance Engineering · 1

Designs latency optimization strategy: global edge deployment, predictive caching, network optimization. Defines organizational performance culture and latency governance.

Additional skills

Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.

API DocumentationChatGPT / ClaudeCursor IDEDatabase IndexingDesign PatternsE2E TestingGitOps PracticesGraphQL DesignIntegration TestingJWT / OAuth2 / OIDCMemory ManagementPrompt Engineering for CodeQuery OptimizationSecure Coding PracticesType Safety & Type SystemsUnit Testing
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} in the open competency matrix: 61 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.