Defines performance strategy at system level. Designs solutions for processing millions of records in real time. Balances computational complexity, memory consumption, and code readability at platform level.
Roles · Backend Developer (PHP) · Principal
What a Principal } should know
42 core skills, 59 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.
This page lists what a Principal } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: Programming Fundamentals, Backend Development, Database Management.
Core skills for a Principal
Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.
Programming Fundamentals · 7
Designs async architecture at platform level. Makes decisions about event bus, message broker, stream processing. Ensures reliability and scalability of distributed processing.
Defines technical debt strategy at organizational level. Makes decisions about legacy system migration. Establishes metrics and processes for maintaining codebase quality.
Designs data models at platform level. Makes strategic decisions about storage: in-memory vs persistent, centralized vs distributed. Defines serialization and data transfer standards between services.
Defines architectural patterns at platform level: DDD, Hexagonal Architecture, Event-Driven. Evaluates trade-offs of different approaches for the business context. Shapes reference architecture for new services.
Shapes object model at platform level. Determines where OOP is optimal and where functional or procedural approach is better. Designs shared kernel between services.
Shapes typing standards at platform level. Evaluates PHP type system evolution and plans migration. Determines balance between type strictness and development productivity.
Backend Development · 6
Defines caching strategy at organizational level. Designs shared caching platform. Balances data freshness, response speed, and infrastructure cost.
Designs search platform at organizational level. Defines scaling and fault tolerance strategy. Evaluates alternatives: Meilisearch, Typesense, OpenSearch for different use cases.
Defines PHP Frameworks strategy at company level. Evaluates new technologies and approaches. Establishes enterprise standards and reference architectures.
Designs event-driven architecture at platform level. Chooses between message brokers for different use cases. Defines delivery guarantees and messaging layer scaling strategy.
Designs platform caching architecture: multi-layer caching, geographic distribution, cache warming strategies. Balances consistency and performance at system level.
Designs async processing platform: scheduling, workflow orchestration, distributed job processing. Ensures scalability and fault tolerance at organizational level.
Database Management · 7
Designs data model at platform level: shared vs isolated databases, data mesh, cross-service data contracts. Defines organizational data model evolution strategy.
Designs indexing strategy at platform level: balance between read and write performance, index maintenance automation, degradation monitoring across all services.
Designs schema evolution strategy at platform level: cross-service schema changes, database versioning strategy, automated migration validation pipeline.
Defines organizational database strategy: MySQL vs alternatives for different services. Designs data platform: replication, backup, disaster recovery, multi-region. Evaluates managed vs self-hosted.
Designs PostgreSQL architecture at platform level: clustering, Patroni for HA, logical replication between services. Defines scaling strategy: read replicas, Citus for sharding.
Defines query optimization strategy at platform level: automated query analysis, query store monitoring, cross-service query performance baseline.
Designs consistency strategy at platform level: strong vs eventual consistency, distributed transactions, two-phase commit vs saga. Defines trade-offs for different business scenarios.
API & Integration · 5
Shapes platform documentation strategy: unified developer portal, auto-generation, versioning. Defines standards for public API: SLA documentation, migration guides, deprecation policy.
Shapes API quality assurance strategy at platform level: testing infrastructure, cross-service integration testing, canary deployment validation.
Shapes API lifecycle management at organizational level: governance, breaking change policy, automated compatibility checks, partner communication strategy.
Designs platform API architecture with GraphQL: federated gateway, schema registry, breaking change detection. Defines API evolution strategy for external and internal clients.
Shapes organizational API strategy: unified API gateway, authentication standards, rate limiting policy, versioning strategy. Designs platform public API.
Cloud & Infrastructure · 3
Shapes organizational cloud strategy: multi-account strategy, landing zone, compliance. Evaluates multi-cloud vs single-cloud. Designs cloud center of excellence.
Shapes organizational container strategy: registry management, image governance, security baseline. Defines deployment approach: Kubernetes vs serverless containers.
Designs organizational Kubernetes platform: multi-cluster strategy, service mesh, platform engineering. Determines balance between managed Kubernetes and self-hosted.
DevOps & CI/CD · 1
Shapes organizational CI/CD strategy: shared pipeline infrastructure, deployment standards, compliance gates. Designs internal developer platform.
Testing & QA · 3
Shapes cross-service testing strategy: end-to-end test infrastructure, service virtualization, production-like test environments. Ensures deployment confidence.
Defines quality engineering strategy at organizational level: testing standards, infrastructure for testing at scale, shift-left testing culture.
Shapes testing strategy at organizational level: testing infrastructure, shared libraries, best practices guidelines. Ensures test infrastructure scalability.
Security · 3
Shapes organizational identity & access management strategy: centralized IAM, federation, zero-trust architecture. Defines compliance requirements for authentication.
Shapes organizational security strategy: security architecture, penetration testing program, incident response plan. Defines compliance requirements and security baseline for all services.
Defines secure development strategy at organizational level: security frameworks, compliance automation, security training program. Designs security platform for all services.
AI-Assisted Development · 1
Defines AI-assisted development strategy for the organization. Evaluates and selects AI tools for the PHP stack. Shapes governance policies: compliance, IP protection, quality gates for AI-generated code.
Architecture & System Design · 2
Shapes organizational architecture culture. Defines reference architecture for PHP services: Domain Layer, Application Layer, Infrastructure Layer. Designs shared kernel between services. Evaluates when clean architecture is justified and when it's excessive.
Defines organizational architecture strategy: reference architecture for PHP platform, inter-service communication standards, data mesh. Evaluates technology landscape and plans system evolution for 2-3 years.
Observability & Monitoring · 2
Shapes organizational observability platform: metric, dashboard, and alerting standards for all PHP services. Defines SLO framework. Selects and evolves monitoring tools. Ensures end-to-end visibility for business processes.
Shapes organizational observability strategy: unified standards for logging, metrics, and tracing for all PHP services. Selects platform (ELK, Grafana Loki, Datadog). Defines SLI/SLO based on log data.
Version Control & Collaboration · 2
Defines code review standards at organizational level: cross-team review for shared components, architectural review board, quality gate automation. Shapes engineering excellence culture through review practices.
Defines versioning strategy at organizational level: monorepo vs multirepo, release management, dependency management between services. Designs processes for coordinating releases across multiple PHP services.
Additional skills
Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.
} in the open competency matrix: 59 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.