Roles · Backend Developer (Node.js) · Principal

What a Principal } should know

44 core skills, 66 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.

This page lists what a Principal } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: Programming Fundamentals, Backend Development, Database Management.

44core skills
22additional skills
12skill areas
100%at Advanced or Expert
Assess myself as Principal Full role matrix

Core skills for a Principal

Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.

Programming Fundamentals · 8

Defines Node.js platform performance strategy. Designs high-throughput solutions: streams for I/O, worker threads for CPU-bound, clustering. Balances throughput and event loop latency.

Designs Node.js platform async architecture: event-driven messaging (BullMQ/NATS), streaming via Node.js Streams, backpressure handling. Defines scaling strategy for I/O-bound and CPU-bound workloads.

Defines Node.js platform tech debt strategy. Plans migrations (CommonJS → ESM, Express → Fastify). Establishes code quality metrics and continuous improvement processes.

Designs Node.js platform data models: shared TypeScript types via npm packages, Protocol Buffers for inter-service communication, streaming data processing via Node.js Streams API.

Defines Node.js platform architectural patterns: Event-Driven Architecture, CQRS, Circuit Breaker (opossum). Shapes reference architecture on NestJS/Fastify. Evaluates trade-offs.

Shapes FP strategy for Node.js platform: Effect System for complex workflows, algebraic data types, functional error handling. Determines when FP vs OOP, plans adoption path.

Shapes Node.js platform object model. Determines where OOP (NestJS) is optimal vs FP (pure functions, composition) is preferred. Designs shared modules between services.

Shapes Node.js platform typing standards: shared type packages, branded types for domain safety, type-safe ORM (Prisma/Drizzle). Evaluates new TypeScript features for adoption.

Backend Development · 6

Apache Kafka Expert

Designs event-streaming platform: Kafka + Node.js workers for stream processing, multi-cluster setup, event sourcing patterns. Defines governance for event contracts.

Defines caching strategy at company level. Evaluates new technologies and approaches. Shapes enterprise standards and reference architectures.

Defines organizational Node.js framework strategy: reference architecture, mono-repo setup (Nx/Turborepo), shared packages. Plans framework migrations and technology radar.

RabbitMQ Expert

Defines enterprise messaging strategy evaluating RabbitMQ vs alternatives (SQS, Kafka, NATS). Shapes organization-wide async communication standards and reference architectures. Establishes messaging platform governance and technology evolution roadmap.

Redis Expert

Designs caching platform: shared Redis infrastructure, cross-service cache coherence, partitioning strategy. Defines governance for cache patterns and capacity planning.

Task Queues Expert

Designs distributed task processing: BullMQ for lightweight jobs, Kafka for heavy stream processing, temporal for long-running workflows. Defines orchestration patterns and SLA.

Database Management · 6

Designs platform data model: bounded context → database mapping, shared types via npm packages, event-driven data sync between services.

Designs platform indexing strategy: cross-service search indexes, automated maintenance. Defines indexing approaches for different storage engines (PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Elasticsearch).

Designs platform migration strategy: coordination between services, backward compatibility policy, data versioning. Defines schema evolution governance.

MongoDB Expert

Designs MongoDB strategy for Node.js platform: Mongoose vs native driver, sharding strategy, Atlas vs self-hosted. Determines when MongoDB vs PostgreSQL based on data access patterns and consistency requirements.

PostgreSQL Expert

Designs data strategy: database-per-service, shared databases, read replicas routing. Determines when PostgreSQL vs MongoDB vs others for Node.js services.

Designs data access strategy: CQRS, read replicas routing, materialized views, polyglot persistence. Defines SLA for query latency.

API & Integration · 6

Designs developer experience: API portal, SDK generation, interactive examples, developer onboarding. Defines documentation strategy for internal and external APIs.

API Testing Expert

Designs API quality assurance: automated contract verification, breaking change detection, API conformance testing. Defines organizational API testing strategy.

Designs API lifecycle management: versioning governance, sunset policies, automated compatibility checking. Defines organizational standards for API evolution.

Designs GraphQL strategy: unified graph (Apollo Federation), schema governance, GraphQL vs REST trade-offs per use case. Determines when GraphQL is justified on the platform.

Designs platform API strategy: API gateway (Kong/AWS API GW), API marketplace, self-service API creation. Defines API governance and lifecycle management.

Designs real-time platform: edge WebSocket (CloudFlare Workers), connection routing, global presence system. Defines real-time strategy and technology selection.

Cloud & Infrastructure · 3

AWS Expert

Designs cloud strategy: serverless-first vs container-first, multi-region, cost management at scale. Defines reference architecture for Node.js on AWS.

Docker Expert

Designs container strategy: standardizing Node.js runtime environments, image governance, registry architecture. Determines container vs serverless (Lambda) for different workloads.

Designs platform strategy: K8s abstractions for Node.js developers, self-service deployment, multi-environment management. Defines compute platform for organization.

DevOps & CI/CD · 1

Designs CI/CD strategy: unified pipeline templates, progressive delivery, automated quality gates. Defines deployment governance for organization.

Testing & QA · 3

Designs integration testing platform: shared test infrastructure, contract testing registry, automated compatibility verification. Defines cross-service testing strategy.

TDD & BDD Expert

Shapes organizational testing culture: TDD adoption strategy, BDD for cross-team contracts, test-first approach for critical paths. Defines testing maturity model.

Unit Testing Expert

Defines unit testing strategy: testing guidelines for different Node.js service types, shared test utilities, quality metrics. Shapes engineering testing culture.

Security · 3

Designs authentication strategy: centralized auth service, zero-trust identity, federation. Defines auth patterns for Node.js platform.

Designs Node.js platform security strategy: secure-by-default framework, automated security verification, supply chain security. Defines organizational AppSec standards.

Designs secure development program: secure-by-default frameworks, automated security verification, developer security enablement. Defines organizational secure SDLC for Node.js.

AI-Assisted Development · 1

Defines AI strategy for Node.js development: tool selection, governance, quality gates for AI-generated code. Evaluates LLM-powered dev tools and their impact.

Architecture & System Design · 2

Designs microservices strategy: decomposition methodology, service mesh, observability platform. Determines when microservices are justified, migration path from monolith.

Defines architectural strategy: reference architecture on Node.js, inter-service communication standards, platform abstractions. Plans evolution roadmap.

Observability & Monitoring · 3

OpenTelemetry Expert

Designs OpenTelemetry platform: vendor-neutral observability, multi-signal correlation, OTel Collector scaling. Defines observability strategy.

Shapes metrics strategy: unified instrumentation for Node.js, Prometheus vs Datadog, cost management. Defines observability platform for organization.

Shapes observability logging strategy: logs-traces-metrics correlation, cost-effective storage, automated anomaly detection. Defines organizational logging standards.

Version Control & Collaboration · 2

Code Review Expert

Defines review standards: cross-team review for shared packages, architecture review board, automated quality gates. Shapes engineering excellence.

Git Advanced Expert

Defines version control strategy: monorepo (Nx/Turborepo) vs polyrepo, release management, dependency management via shared packages. Coordinates cross-team collaboration.

Additional skills

Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.

ChatGPT / ClaudeClean ArchitectureConnection PoolingCPU ProfilingCQRSDatabase ShardingDocumentation as CodeE2E TestingELK StackEvent-Driven ArchitecturegRPC & Protocol BuffersgRPC & Protocol BuffersLatency OptimizationMemory ManagementMessage Broker PatternsMultithreadingPerformance BudgetsPython Web FrameworksRate Limiting & ThrottlingSecrets ManagementSLI / SLO / SLATerraform
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} in the open competency matrix: 66 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.