Defines standards for Algorithms and Complexity usage at the team/product level. Conducts architectural reviews. Creates best practices and training materials for the entire team.
Roles · Application Security Engineer · Lead
What a Lead } should know
38 core skills, 53 in total. Expectations per skill, and what changes at the next level.
This page lists what a Lead } is expected to know and do, skill by skill. Core skills are the ones a manager and peers assess in a review cycle; the rest count only in self-assessment. Main areas: Programming Fundamentals, API & Integration, Cloud & Infrastructure.
Core skills for a Lead
Grouped by area. The label on the right is the expected depth: Awareness, Working, Advanced or Expert.
Programming Fundamentals · 4
Defines Code Quality and Refactoring usage standards at the team/product level. Conducts architectural reviews. Creates best practices and training materials for the entire team.
Defines Data Structures usage standards at the team/product level. Conducts architectural reviews. Creates best practices and training materials for the entire team.
Defines OOP and SOLID Principles usage standards at the team/product level. Conducts architectural reviews. Creates best practices and training materials for the entire team.
API & Integration · 4
Defines API strategy at the product level. Establishes design standards. Conducts API design reviews. Coordinates cross-team API interactions.
Defines API strategy at the product level. Establishes design standards. Conducts API design reviews. Coordinates cross-team API interactions.
Defines API security strategy at product level: API security standards and compliance requirements, API threat modeling governance, security testing integration for API CI/CD. Conducts API security architecture reviews and establishes vulnerability management for APIs.
Drives webhook security policy across the engineering organization, integrating security requirements into CI/CD pipelines and API governance frameworks. Evaluates emerging threats to webhook infrastructure and updates security controls proactively. Builds security champion programs focused on secure webhook implementation patterns and conducts cross-team training on SSRF prevention and payload integrity.
Cloud & Infrastructure · 3
Defines container security scanning strategy and governance framework. Establishes vulnerability management SLAs, scanning coverage requirements, and exception handling processes. Coordinates container security standards across development and platform teams.
Defines Docker security strategy: container image supply chain governance, runtime security monitoring standards, container hardening and compliance frameworks. Conducts architecture reviews for container security posture and establishes vulnerability scanning SLAs.
Defines Kubernetes security strategy across the organization's cluster fleet. Establishes IaC standards for pod security, network segmentation, and runtime protection. Conducts architecture reviews of cluster configurations and drives adoption of zero-trust security patterns across engineering teams.
DevOps & CI/CD · 1
Defines DevSecOps strategy with GitHub Actions: establishes CI/CD security standards across teams, implements platform-level security scanning integration, drives adoption of supply chain security controls in all deployment pipelines.
Testing & QA · 1
Defines security testing strategy across the organization. Establishes SAST/DAST/IAST standards, security testing quality gates, and DevSecOps practices. Drives adoption of shift-left security testing culture. Creates security testing COE and trains security champions across engineering teams.
Security · 18
Defines cloud application security strategy incorporating CSPM, container security, and serverless protection standards. Establishes security policies for cloud-native development workflows. Coordinates incident response for application-layer cloud breaches and trains teams on secure cloud coding practices.
Defines the team-wide dependency scanning strategy, selecting and standardizing SCA tools (Snyk, Dependabot, Trivy) across all product lines. Establishes vulnerability remediation SLA policies with escalation paths based on CVSS, EPSS, and business impact. Coordinates incident response for zero-day dependency vulnerabilities such as Log4Shell-class events. Trains engineering teams on secure dependency management, license compliance, and SBOM adoption.
Defines forensic readiness strategy for application security ensuring logging, monitoring, and evidence collection capabilities are built into systems by design. Establishes forensic investigation playbooks and trains teams on evidence handling procedures for application-layer incidents.
Defines GDPR/152-FZ compliance strategy for application security: establishes privacy review processes, data processing agreement templates, and breach notification procedures. Coordinates DPO collaboration and cross-team privacy training.
Defines application-specific incident response strategy including detection rules, response playbooks, and communication protocols. Establishes application security monitoring standards to reduce mean time to detection. Coordinates cross-team incident response drills focused on application-layer attack scenarios.
Defines application security standards for authentication across the organization. Establishes JWT/OAuth2 security review checklists, secure coding guidelines for token handling, and authentication architecture review processes. Drives adoption of centralized identity management. Trains security champions on authentication vulnerability detection.
Defines Kubernetes security standards for the organization including admission control policies, image signing requirements, and supply chain security. Establishes OPA/Gatekeeper policy libraries for application workloads. Coordinates security reviews of cluster architectures and trains development teams on secure Kubernetes patterns.
Defines team-level network security strategy for application environments: standardizes WAF policies, establishes network segmentation requirements for microservice deployments, and drives adoption of zero-trust network access for internal services. Coordinates with infrastructure teams on IDS/IPS tuning and ensures network security controls are integrated into CI/CD pipelines and deployment workflows.
Defines application security strategy aligned with OWASP frameworks across product portfolios. Establishes security policies for secure SDLC, vulnerability management SLAs, and security training programs. Coordinates cross-team incident response for application security breaches and trains development teams on threat modeling.
Defines organizational PCI DSS compliance strategy for application security. Establishes security policies and standards for cardholder data environments. Coordinates incident response for PCI-related breaches. Trains engineering teams on PCI requirements and secure development.
Defines organization-wide RBAC/ABAC authorization strategy and access control standards. Establishes security policies for role hierarchies and attribute-based access decisions. Coordinates authorization incident response across products. Trains teams on secure authorization design patterns.
Defines organization-wide SAST/DAST strategy and tool selection standards. Establishes security scanning policies, quality gates, and remediation SLAs for development teams. Coordinates vulnerability response across products when critical scanner findings arise. Trains engineers on effective SAST/DAST adoption.
Defines application security standards for secrets management across the organization. Establishes secret scanning policies, credential handling guidelines, and incident response procedures for secret compromise. Drives adoption of centralized secrets management and zero-trust credential patterns. Trains security champions on secrets-related threat modeling.
Defines enterprise secure coding strategy across all development teams. Establishes security policies for SDLC integration, secure coding standards adoption, and automated security gate enforcement. Coordinates cross-team incident response for code-level security vulnerabilities and trains development teams on security-first coding culture.
Defines SOC 2 compliance strategy for application security: establishes secure SDLC policies, incident response procedures, and continuous monitoring requirements. Coordinates with auditors on technical control validation.
Defines supply chain security strategy: establishes SBOM generation standards, SCA tool governance, and dependency management policies across the organization. Coordinates incident response for supply chain compromises. Trains development teams on secure dependency practices and SLSA framework adoption.
Defines threat modeling strategy at team and product level. Establishes mandatory threat modeling gates in the development lifecycle. Coordinates cross-team threat assessments for shared infrastructure and API boundaries. Builds a threat modeling culture by training product teams and integrating threat analysis into sprint planning and architecture reviews.
Defines organization-wide vulnerability management strategy for application security. Establishes remediation policies, SLAs, and escalation procedures for critical vulnerabilities. Coordinates cross-team vulnerability response and drives adoption of shift-left practices. Trains engineering teams on vulnerability lifecycle management.
AI-Assisted Development · 1
Defines GitHub Copilot security strategy at the product level: establishes security review requirements for AI-generated code, designs vulnerability scanning integration for Copilot outputs, drives adoption of secure AI-assisted development practices across engineering teams.
Observability & Monitoring · 3
Defines product observability strategy. Establishes SLO-based approach. Coordinates incident management. Optimizes MTTD/MTTR.
Defines security observability strategy at the product level with Prometheus & Grafana: establishes SLO-based approach for security monitoring, coordinates security incident management, optimizes MTTD/MTTR for security events through improved detection and alerting pipelines.
Defines security observability strategy at the product level: establishes SLO-based approach for security monitoring coverage, coordinates security incident management and response processes, optimizes MTTD/MTTR for security events through improved detection pipelines.
Version Control & Collaboration · 2
Defines security code review strategy: security review standards integration into development workflow, vulnerability detection review governance, secure coding review practices. Establishes security review culture across engineering teams.
Defines Git security strategy for the product: establishes commit signing policies and verification workflows, designs repository security scanning pipelines, drives adoption of secure branching and access control patterns across development teams.
Documentation · 1
Defines runbook strategy for the application security program: standardizes playbook templates across security teams, establishes runbook review and update cadences, integrates runbook metrics into security KPIs. Drives adoption of executable runbooks with SOAR platform integration.
Additional skills
Not assessed by the team, but part of the self-assessment and the development plan.
What changes at Principal
0 skills get a higher expectation or become core when moving from Lead to Principal. The biggest jumps first.
} in the open competency matrix: 53 skills across 5 levels. The matrix is free for individuals and stays free.