Algorithms & Data Structures 1
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Understands basic algorithms and their complexity in the context of resource-constrained IoT devices. Chooses O(n) vs O(n²) algorithms considering RAM as low as 64 KB.
Applies efficient algorithms for IoT: Kalman filter, moving average, CRC. Optimizes algorithms to work without heap allocation on microcontrollers.
Defines algorithmic standards for IoT platform. Builds a library of optimized algorithms for embedded. Conducts algorithmic efficiency reviews.
Defines enterprise algorithmic optimization strategy for IoT. Researches TinyML and edge AI algorithm applications for next-generation IoT devices.
API Gateway & Service Communication 1
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Understands webhooks for IoT: device event notifications, alerts. Implements simple webhook endpoints for receiving IoT events.
Designs webhook system for IoT platform: device event subscriptions, retry with exponential backoff, signature verification. Ensures reliable delivery.
Defines webhook standards for IoT platform. Establishes event catalog and subscription management for internal and external consumers.
Defines enterprise event-driven integration strategy for IoT. Builds AsyncAPI specification and event mesh architecture.
API Protocols 1
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Understands WebSocket for IoT dashboards: real-time device data display. Implements simple WebSocket connection for live telemetry.
Designs WebSocket API for IoT: rooms/channels for device groups, heartbeat, reconnection logic. Ensures scalability through Redis pub/sub.
Defines real-time communication standards for IoT platform. Establishes guidelines for WebSocket API and SSE usage in IoT context.
Defines enterprise real-time communication strategy for IoT. Evaluates WebSocket vs SSE vs gRPC streaming for various IoT use cases.
Clean Code & Refactoring 1
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Follows coding standards for embedded IoT code. Uses clang-format and basic linting rules. Writes comments for hardware-specific code.
Applies static analysis (cppcheck, PC-lint) for IoT firmware. Configures MISRA C rules. Writes self-documenting embedded code with unit tests.
Defines code quality standards for the IoT team. Establishes coding guidelines, review checklists, and training. Coordinates tech debt reduction for firmware.
Defines enterprise code quality strategy for IoT firmware. Builds codebase maturity metrics. Evaluates tools (Polyspace, Klocwork) for safety-critical IoT.
Concurrency & Parallelism 1
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Understands basic multithreading for IoT systems: concurrent task management on edge devices, basic synchronization for sensor data collection, understanding thread safety in device communication handlers. Follows team conventions for concurrent firmware and edge processing patterns.
Applies synchronization in IoT firmware: semaphores, event groups, message queues. Prevents deadlocks and race conditions. Profiles task stack usage.
Defines multithreading best practices for IoT firmware. Establishes task architecture templates and concurrency guidelines for the team.
Defines enterprise concurrency strategy for IoT firmware. Evaluates multicore MCU and AMP/SMP approaches for high-performance IoT.
Embedded Programming 3
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Writes simple C programs for ESP32/STM32 microcontrollers. Understands register operations, pointers, and basic memory management in embedded context.
Develops peripheral drivers and interrupt handlers in C for IoT devices. Uses DMA, timers, and watchdog. Optimizes RAM usage down to 64 KB.
Defines embedded C development standards for an IoT team of 10+ engineers. Establishes coding guidelines, HAL abstractions, and reusable libraries for the device lineup.
Defines embedded C development strategy at organizational level. Builds platform SDK for IoT product family. Evaluates new MCU architectures (RISC-V) for product roadmap.
Uses C++ to implement basic firmware logic for IoT sensor nodes. Understands constrained memory environments and interrupt handling. Works with HAL libraries under guidance.
Applies C++17 in embedded IoT with constraints: no exceptions, no RTTI, minimal heap. Develops type-safe peripheral APIs using templates and constexpr.
Establishes C++ embedded development standards: MISRA C++, coding guidelines. Defines architectural patterns and libraries for reuse across IoT projects.
Defines C++ embedded strategy at company level. Evaluates Rust vs C++ for new IoT projects. Builds platform architecture for IoT product family.
Writes MicroPython scripts for ESP32/ESP8266. Reads sensor data, controls GPIO, and sends data over WiFi. Uses REPL for rapid prototyping.
Develops production-ready IoT devices in MicroPython. Manages power consumption (deep sleep), uses asyncio for multitasking. Implements OTA script updates.
Defines strategy for MicroPython vs C/C++ usage across different IoT projects. Builds a library of reusable MicroPython modules for the team.
Defines enterprise rapid prototyping strategy for IoT with MicroPython. Evaluates CircuitPython, Toit, and alternative runtimes. Contributes to upstream MicroPython project.
Embedded Tools 2
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Understands CI/CD fundamentals for IoT firmware delivery. Works with OTA update pipelines and automated testing on hardware-in-the-loop setups. Follows release and rollback procedures.
Configures CI/CD pipeline for IoT firmware: cross-compilation, static analysis, flash and testing on real hardware. Automates OTA artifact generation.
Defines CI/CD strategy for IoT firmware development. Establishes build, test, and release standards for the team. Coordinates hardware test infrastructure.
Defines enterprise strategy for IoT firmware CI/CD. Establishes approaches to firmware supply chain security and regulatory compliance in CI/CD.
Uses UART logging and LED indication for IoT device debugging. Connects J-Link/ST-Link for step-by-step debugging in IDE (VS Code, STM32CubeIDE).
Applies JTAG/SWD for IoT firmware debugging. Uses Saleae logic analyzer for protocol diagnostics. Profiles ISR and RTOS task execution time.
Defines debugging and diagnostics standards for the IoT team. Builds test bench infrastructure and CI for firmware. Mentors the team on advanced debugging.
Defines enterprise diagnostics strategy for IoT products. Establishes approaches to field debugging and remote diagnostics for devices in production.
Hardware Interfaces 3
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Configures BLE advertising and scanning on ESP32 for IoT devices. Understands GATT profiles, characteristics, and services. Uses nRF Connect for BLE debugging.
Develops custom BLE GATT services for IoT devices. Optimizes connection interval and MTU for balancing power consumption and throughput. Implements BLE mesh.
Defines wireless strategy for IoT products: BLE vs Zigbee vs Thread vs LoRaWAN. Establishes wireless security and testing standards for the team.
Defines enterprise wireless connectivity strategy for IoT. Evaluates new standards (Matter, Wi-Fi HaLow, UWB) for future products. Influences industry standards.
Controls GPIO pins for reading buttons and controlling LEDs/relays. Reads analog values from ADC for IoT sensors (light level, battery voltage).
Applies PWM for motor control and dimming in IoT devices. Calibrates ADC with reference voltage. Uses DAC for analog signal generation.
Defines standards for working with analog and digital interfaces for company IoT devices. Establishes calibration procedures and test benches.
Defines enterprise analog signal processing strategy in IoT. Evaluates transition to sigma-delta ADC and high-precision sensors for industrial IoT.
Connects sensors and actuators to MCU via I2C and UART. Understands basic protocol principles: I2C addressing, UART baud rate. Uses logic analyzer for debugging.
Develops drivers for SPI/I2C/UART devices in IoT projects. Configures DMA for high-speed SPI exchange. Diagnoses bus issues with Saleae/Wireshark.
Defines hardware interface standards for the IoT product line. Establishes reference designs and reusable driver libraries for the team.
Defines enterprise hardware interfaces strategy for IoT. Evaluates new protocols (I3C, SPI Quad) for next generation. Builds platform driver architecture.
Infrastructure as Code 1
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Understands Terraform basics for IoT infrastructure provisioning: IoT Core, message brokers, edge device registries. Can modify existing .tf files for device fleet management and data pipeline resources. Follows team IaC standards.
Manages IoT infrastructure via Terraform: IoT Core, Rules, Lambda, DynamoDB. Uses modules for reusing IoT configurations.
Defines IaC strategy for IoT infrastructure. Establishes Terraform module standards and governance for the IoT team.
Defines enterprise IaC strategy for IoT. Evaluates Terraform vs Pulumi vs CloudFormation for IoT use cases. Builds platform IaC for large-scale IoT.
IoT Platforms 4
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Understands edge computing concept for IoT: processing data on device instead of sending to cloud. Runs simple filters and aggregators on ESP32/Raspberry Pi.
Deploys edge computing on IoT gateways: AWS Greengrass, Azure IoT Edge. Implements local data processing and filtering. Synchronizes edge-cloud state.
Defines edge computing strategy: what to process on edge vs cloud. Establishes deployment and update standards for edge applications across the IoT device fleet.
Defines enterprise edge computing strategy for IoT. Evaluates KubeEdge, OpenYurt for edge cluster orchestration. Builds edge AI roadmap for industrial IoT.
Connects IoT devices to AWS IoT Core / Azure IoT Hub. Registers device twins/shadows and sends telemetry. Uses MQTT for cloud connectivity.
Configures IoT rules (AWS IoT Rules Engine) for routing data to DynamoDB/S3/Lambda. Implements device provisioning and fleet indexing. Manages OTA updates via cloud.
Defines IoT cloud strategy for the company: platform selection, architectural patterns, security baseline. Establishes IoT reference architecture for teams.
Defines enterprise IoT cloud strategy. Evaluates vendor lock-in vs managed services. Builds architecture for industrial-scale IoT with millions of devices.
Understands IoT security across device lifecycle: TLS/DTLS for communications, certificate provisioning, and device identity management. Applies OWASP IoT guidelines for secure deployments.
Implements comprehensive IoT security: secure boot, encrypted firmware, device attestation. Conducts threat modeling of IoT devices. Uses hardware security modules.
Defines IoT security strategy for the product line. Establishes security development lifecycle for the IoT team. Coordinates security audits and certification.
Defines enterprise IoT security strategy. Establishes approaches to supply chain security for IoT. Engages with regulators and standards organizations.
Connects IoT devices to MQTT broker (Mosquitto). Publishes sensor data to topics and subscribes to commands. Understands QoS 0/1/2 and retained messages.
Designs MQTT topic hierarchy for IoT projects. Uses MQTT 5.0 features: shared subscriptions, message expiry. Configures TLS and client certificates for security.
Defines messaging standards for IoT platform. Selects protocols (MQTT/AMQP/CoAP) for different scenarios. Establishes topic naming conventions and governance.
Defines enterprise IoT messaging strategy. Evaluates Sparkplug B, Unified Namespace approaches. Builds architecture for millions of devices.
Network Protocols 2
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Understands DNS role in IoT: cloud service name resolution, mDNS for local discovery. Configures DNS client on IoT devices.
Configures DNS strategies for IoT: DNS-over-TLS for security, failover DNS, caching on IoT gateway. Diagnoses DNS issues in IoT networks.
Defines DNS strategy for IoT infrastructure. Establishes naming conventions and DNS management for large-scale IoT deployments.
Defines enterprise DNS strategy for IoT. Evaluates DNS-based service discovery (Consul) and cloud-native DNS for IoT platform services.
Understands TCP/IP networking for IoT device connectivity. Works with MQTT over TCP, configures static IPs, and troubleshoots connectivity issues in constrained networks.
Applies TCP/IP optimizations for IoT: keep-alive, CoAP over UDP, DTLS. Diagnoses IoT network issues via Wireshark. Configures mDNS for device discovery.
Defines networking standards for IoT platform. Establishes protocol selection guidelines. Coordinates network security and monitoring for the device fleet.
Defines enterprise IoT networking strategy. Evaluates 5G NB-IoT, LPWAN, TSN for industrial IoT. Builds network architecture for global IoT deployments.
Networking 1
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Understands basic networking concepts for IoT: IP addressing, DHCP, NAT, DNS. Configures WiFi and Ethernet on IoT devices. Uses ping and traceroute.
Designs network infrastructure for IoT: VLAN segmentation for IoT devices, firewall rule configuration, port forwarding. Diagnoses network issues with tcpdump.
Defines network architecture standards for IoT deployments. Establishes network security baseline and monitoring strategy for the IoT device fleet.
Defines enterprise IoT network strategy. Evaluates SD-WAN, SASE for IoT. Builds network architecture for multi-site IoT installations.
RTOS & Real-Time 1
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Understands basic RTOS concepts: tasks, queues, semaphores. Uses FreeRTOS to create multitasking IoT applications on ESP32 with 2-3 tasks.
Applies FreeRTOS/Zephyr for complex IoT systems with task priorities, mutexes, and event groups. Profiles stack usage and prevents priority inversion.
Defines RTOS usage standards for the IoT product line. Selects RTOS (FreeRTOS/Zephyr/NuttX) for team requirements. Establishes real-time best practices.
Defines enterprise RTOS strategy for organizational IoT products. Evaluates certifiable RTOS (SafeRTOS) for safety-critical IoT. Builds real-time platform roadmap.